The evolution of the Nasdaq 100

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The Nasdaq 100 has grown to be one of the most widely recognised indices in the world. Measuring the performance of the 100 largest non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq exchange, the index has become synonymous with the world’s largest technology companies including Apple, Microsoft, and Google.

While its early notoriety came in the late 1990’s during the dot-com bubble, which was characterised by unjustified valuations for unprofitable technology companies, the Nasdaq has since evolved into an index comprising global businesses with strong fundamental growth supporting their impressive returns.

Over the 20 years to October 2023 the Nasdaq 100 has returned 13% p.a. compared to 8% p.a. and 6% p.a. for the S&P 500 and S&P/ASX 200 respectively.

Chart 1: Nasdaq 100 vs. Benchmark Indices. Total return Jan 1, 1995 = 100.

Source: Bloomberg, Betashares. As at 31 October 2023. Does not include NDQ’s management fees of 0.48% p.a. You cannot invest directly in an index. Past performance is not an indicator of future performance.

Innovation driven growth

In the 12 months to June 2023, companies in the Nasdaq 100 spent 7x the amount on R&D as companies in the S&P 500 (excluding Nasdaq listed companies)1. This level of investment into areas of potential future growth has been a hallmark of the Nasdaq 100 over the past two decades. Attracting the biggest names in global technology, companies listed on the Nasdaq have emerged as leaders in gaming, search, big data and cloud computing.

More recently as markets shift their focus to machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), the Nasdaq 100 again has a head start. With the ability to leverage their existing competitive advantages, companies listed on the Nasdaq like Microsoft (whose partnership with ChatGPT provider OpenAI started in 2016), Google (who acquired AI startup DeepMind in 2014), and Nvidia (who started laying the foundations to become the engine room for AI hardware in 2006) have already been investing in AI for a long time with the aim of becoming leaders in the area.

Breaking down the index into its constituent’s exposure to areas of future growth potential, we find that the Nasdaq 100 provides exposure across a broad subset of promising themes. Most notably to AI, robotics, and cloud computing.

Chart 2: Nasdaq 100 exposure per theme

Source: Nasdaq, FactSet. Data as of 06/30/2023. Based on overlap with existing Nasdaq Thematic Indices, except for 5G, Streaming, and Video Gaming/eSports & Betting where competitor products were analyzed.

Solving the innovator’s dilemma

A great example of this innovation driven growth is Nasdaq giant Microsoft. In 2013, many questioned if Microsoft would survive as the business looked to be the latest victim of the “innovator’s dilemma” – describing an established business’s failure to risk disrupting themselves in response to competitive innovators. A Bloomberg article from that year titled “Microsoft’s Useful Life May Be Near Its End” proposed this very hypothesis.

These commentators failed to appreciate the groundwork being done by Microsoft to successfully embrace innovation once again, as they did with their original enterprise software. Two years earlier Microsoft ranked 5th globally for R&D spending2. Of this, 90% or $US8.6 billion was being spent on cloud computing technology3 seeking to disrupt their own locally stored enterprise model.

Fast forward to 2023’s US Q1 reporting season and Microsoft made headlines as sales in its cloud division were up 24% to $US32 billion. Investors took this as a sign that the company was ahead in not only the highly profitable cloud computing space, but also poised to capitalise on surging demand for AI technology.

Microsoft has ridden a wave of R&D led growth over the past two decades. This has been a shared trait of Nasdaq 100 companies. Today, five of the largest seven R&D spenders globally are in the Nasdaq 100[4]. Their success has translated into impressive revenue, earnings, and dividend growth.

Chart 3: Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 historical revenue, earnings, and dividend growth. 2003 to 2023. 31 Dec 2003 = 100

A graph of a stock market Description automatically generated with medium confidence

Source: Nasdaq. As at 30 June 2023.

20 years of stellar performance the result of earnings growth, not PE expansion

A decomposition of the Nasdaq 100’s returns over the past two decades confirms the index’s evolution. During the late 90’s bubble the Nasdaq’s returns were driven by an expansion of price to earnings (P/E) multiples, which peaked at 200x. This indicated investors’ expectations, or their hopes and dreams, of future earnings.

However, over the past two decades it has been the realisation of earnings growth off the back of the investment in innovation that has driven stock price performance. During this period, Nasdaq 100 companies’ earnings have experienced a compound annual growth rate of 15%. This impressive growth has underpinned the index’s returns with the P/E multiple actually contracting by 2% over the same period.

Chart 4: Decomposition of Nasdaq 100’ and S&P 500’s returns over the past 20 years

Source: Betashares, Bloomberg. 20 years to 29 September 2023. You cannot invest directly in an index. Past performance is not an indicator of future performance.

Betashares proudly offers Australian investors exclusive access to the Nasdaq 100 Index through Betashares Nasdaq 100 ETF (ASX: NDQ) with a currency hedged option (ASX: HNDQ). NDQ is Betashares’ largest ETF with over $3 billion in FUM. For more information on NDQ please visit the fund page through the link below.

NDQ is rated ‘Recommended’ by Lonsec. You can request the research reports from your BDM or by filling in the form under the following link.

For more information on Betashares ETF platform availability please use the following link.

There are risks associated with an investment in NDQ, including market risk, country risk, currency risk and sector risk. Investment value can go up and down. An investment in the Fund should only be considered as a part of a broader portfolio, taking into account your particular circumstances, including your tolerance for risk. For more information on risks and other features of the Fund, please see the Product Disclosure Statement and Target Market Determination, both available on this website.

The Lonsec Ratings (assigned 28 September 2023) presented in this document is published by Lonsec Research Pty Ltd ABN 11 151 658 561 AFSL 421 445. The Rating is limited to “general advice” (as defined in the Corporations Act 2001) and based solely on consideration of the investment merits of the financial product. Past performance information is for illustrative purposes only and is not indicative of future performance. It is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold any Betashares fund, and you should seek independent financial advice before investing in this product. The Rating is subject to change without notice and Lonsec assumes no obligation to update the relevant document following publication. Lonsec receives a fee from the Betashares for researching the product using comprehensive and objective criteria. For further information regarding Lonsec’s Ratings methodology, please go to http://www.lonsecresearch.com.au/research-solutions/our-ratings.

References:
1. Research and development as a percentage of sales. As a total expense Nasdaq 100 companies spent 15x the amount in R&D as the companies in the S&P 500 excluding Nasdaq listed companies.
2. The Economist, https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2012/10/30/r-and-d-spending
3. Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinjackson/2011/04/19/cloud-to-command-90-of-microsofts-rd-budget/?sh=30054477571b
4. Statistica.

Photo of Tom Wickenden

Written By

Tom Wickenden
Investment Strategist
Tom Wickenden works as an investment strategist in Betashares investment strategy and research team. Tom is responsible for supporting both the sales and marketing teams across Betashares’ wide range of funds including all major asset classes. Prior to Betashares Tom worked in an accounting firm in London specialising in the fields of audit and forensic accounting. Tom has a Bachelor of Commerce majoring in Economics and Accounting from the University of Sydney and is currently a level 3 CFA candidate. Read more from Tom.
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